A Study on Lipid Profile Level and Cardiovascular Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients

Aim: To assess lipid profile level and cardiovascular markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Port-Harcourt, Nigeria and Evashalom Medical Diagnostic services, between November 2022 and April 2023.

Methodology: Ninety (90) subjects between aged between 18- 70years among which 54 were females and 26 males were recruited. Individuals with diagnosed T2DM of at least 1 year, and on continuous metformin/sulphonylureas combination therapy for at least six (6) months prior to the study were selected for this study. Ten (10.0) ml of overnight fasting blood sample was obtained from each subject. This was after completing the questionnaire. Their body weight in kilogram, height in meter was also be measured and recorded Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TCHOL), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), HOMA_IR, HOMA-β were calculated for each sample. Statistical Analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 9.03. Statistical comparisons of the means between groups were made using t-test and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA). Genotypic and allelic distribution employed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (HWE). The minor allele frequency (MAF) was calculated using Excel. Furthermore, the associations between the alleles of SNPs and glycaemic response response were assessed using the chi-square test and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: This study found that females had an increased HDL-C and Lipo-A values, a decreased value in TG and AIP when compared with their male counterparts. A correlation with Insulin/TG (r=0.367, p=0.0275), HOMA-IR/FBS (r=0.426, p=0.0096), HOMA-IR/HbAIc (r=0.484. p=0.0028), Lipo A/TG (r=0.359, p=0.0315), Lipo A/insulin (r=0.380, p=0.0223), Lipo A/HOMA-IR (r=0.393, p=0.0176) was observed only in males. About 43.3% (n=39) had controlled T2DM while 56.7%(n=51) had uncontrolled T2DM.

Conclusion: This study also found that females had an increased HDL-C and Lipo-A values, a decreased value in TG and AIP when compared with their male counterparts.