Mechanization of Litchi (Litchi chinensis S.) Cultivation: Current Scenario and Future Needs of India

India stands as the world's second-largest producer of litchi (Litchi chinensis S.), with a majority of its cultivation concentrated in the eastern regions. Litchi cultivation involves diverse unit operations such as land preparation, pit digging, circular fertilizer pit creation, pruning, pest control, girdling, plant safeguarding, and harvesting. These operations predominantly rely on conventional, manual tools, resulting in time-consuming and labour-intensive tasks that reduce net profits for farmers. Despite the potential of mechanization to enhance production efficiency, its application in litchi cultivation remains limited to specific tasks such as land preparation and intercultural operations. Challenges like small land holdings, fragmented agricultural spaces, inadequate road access, and a lack of awareness among farmers hinder widespread mechanization. Urgent intervention is needed to introduce advanced technologies that reduce operational costs and labour intensity to increase litchi production and productivity. This paper examines the current status of mechanization in litchi cultivation in India, highlighting the potential for mechanization in various aspects. The adoption of improved mechanization technology is crucial for enhancing orchard productivity, increasing farmer income, and promoting environmental sustainability. This study outlines present requirements and proposes future research directions for litchi mechanization. Recommendations are made to encourage mechanized production, emphasizing the need for matching and efficient power equipment to ease labour-intensive tasks such as pit digging, circular fertilizer pitting, pruning, girdling, caterpillar killing, and harvesting operations. Developing advanced equipment to streamline these critical tasks is essential for the sustainable growth of litchi cultivation in India.